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Archive for November, 2004

TSA WANTS “SUSPICIOUS” SPOTTER

Tuesday, November 30th, 2004

detective-magnifying-glass.jpgAs if you weren’t ner­vous enough in the air­port. The Transportation Security Administration has started to hunt for tech­nolo­gies that’ll secretly spot “sus­pi­cious behav­ior” in pas­sen­gers.
The request for infor­ma­tion, filed by the minds of the William J. Hughes Technical Center in the Atlantic City Airport, hopes to find ways to “sense pat­terns of indi­vid­u­als’ phys­i­o­log­i­cal response(s) and/​or overt behav­ior that are reli­ably asso­ci­ated with mali­cious intent.”

Proposed tech­nolo­gies may be applic­a­ble to the screen­ing of trav­el­ers or of employ­ees of trans­porta­tion facil­i­ties (e.g., air­ports, rail sta­tions, and bus ter­mi­nals) and car­ri­ers.
Ideally, pro­posed tech­nolo­gies will be non inva­sive, remote, covert, pas­sive, auto­matic, and suit­able for area, as well as por­tal use. However, alter­na­tives requir­ing con­tact, inter­ac­tion (challenge-​​response, for exam­ple), man­ual oper­a­tion, etc. will also be considered.

Great. Just great. (via Cyrptome)

ANTI-​​LASER CONTACT LENSES

Monday, November 29th, 2004

eyeball.jpgI think we all winced when we read, back in September, about the Delta pilot who was hit in the eye by a laser while fly­ing a 737. Or about the 20 year-​​old Los Alamos intern who was zapped dur­ing a July exper­i­ment.
Air Force researchers must not have liked what they read, either. That’s pre­sum­ably why they’re look­ing to develop a con­tact lens that can pro­tect against laser blasts (scroll down to find it).
Lasers are becom­ing more and more com­mon on the bat­tle­field. Range find­ers, smart bomb guid­ance pack­ages, and air­plane pro­tec­tion sys­tems all use the rays. And while the Air Force has been work­ing hard to put together eye­wear that’ll keep the lasers at bay, it’s been hard to inte­grate the things with “pro­tec­tive equip­ment (hel­mets, gog­gles, and chem/​bio gear), life sup­port equip­ment (visors and oxy­gen masks), and avion­ics (head/​helmet mounted dis­plays and night vision gog­gles).” Corrective glasses only make the prob­lem worse.
Anti-​​laser con­tact lenses might solve many of the prob­lems, though. And they’d cover the eye bet­ter than glasses or goggles.

The con­tact lens sits on the eye, the entire cornea and pupil are cov­ered, so there is no chance of a reflec­tion, or high angle inci­dent beam, sneak­ing behind the LEP [Laser Eye Protection]. Therefore, cou­pled with the appro­pri­ate laser pro­tec­tion tech­nol­ogy, con­tact lenses pro­vide a per­fectly sized defense against eye injury, elim­i­nat­ing direct and off-​​axis reti­nal haz­ards from todays most dan­ger­ous mil­i­tary lasers that oper­ate in the far red and near infrared spec­trum (670 nm 1200 nm).

INSIDE FALLUJAH’S INSURGENCY

Friday, November 26th, 2004

Fallujah_112004-15.jpgIED fac­to­ries, packed with radios and plas­tic explo­sives. Martyr train­ing man­u­als. Illicitly-​​used mosques, pin­pointed on a map.
That’s all part of an eye-​​popping PowerPoint pre­sen­ta­tion, obtained by Military​.com, “Telling the Story of Fallujah to the Word.” Allegedly cre­ated by the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force and the Multi-​​National Corps — Iraq, the slide show is meant to cat­a­log just how ven­omous insur­gent forces in Fallujah had become.
Sixty per­cent of Fallujah’s mosques had fight­ing posi­tions within them, accord­ing to “Telling.” That’s a vio­la­tion of the laws of war. 203 weapons caches were found dot­ted around the city. 653 IEDs were dis­cov­ered as well as 11 fac­to­ries for build­ing the bombs.
The pre­sen­ta­tion also shows ledgers, sup­pos­edly track­ing for­eign fighter in the city, evi­dence of tor­ture cham­bers, and a run­down of the weapons con­fis­cated by American and Iraqi gov­ern­ment troops. Grisly stuff, espe­cially for a hol­i­day week­end. But well worth the 3MB down­load.
THERE’S MORE: The bosses here have turned that PowerPoint beast into good ol’ HTML. So now there’s no excuse the check it out.
AND MORE: A review of Palestinian mil­i­tants’ stock­piles and pro­duc­tion facil­i­ties, pro­duced by a for­mer Israeli Army sol­dier, is here.

MAPS, JETS, AND CHATS

Friday, November 26th, 2004

MMA.jpg- From com­mer­i­cal satel­lite pic­tures, the Army is putting together 3D maps of Mosul and Fallujah.
– Out of a 737 pas­sen­ger jet, Boeing is mak­ing an anti-​​sub spy­plane.
– In online chat rooms, the CIA and the National Science Foundation are hop­ing to catch ter­ror­ists schem­ing.
THERE’S MORE: With a pro­gram called FalconView, the Air Force has been cook­ing up satellite-​​generated 3-​​D maps since 1995 in Bosnia, notes Defense Tech pal CA.

“One of the best things about FV is not just that you can place items on imagery, but that you can ‘drape’ that imagery over 3-​​D Digital Terrain Elevation Data. This is what enables the hi-​​fidelity fly-​​throughs [of the area]. More cum­ber­some tech­nol­ogy, using [gov­ern­ment] imagery, has been around for years. But time and progress now allows it to get to the field…
Hi-​​fidelity imagery is not only a boon to the troops, but also to the intel­li­gence com­mu­nity. Now lower-​​priority, lower-​​fidelity require­ments (like low-​​resolution maps, envi­ron­men­tal stud­ies) can be [han­dled by] com­mer­cial [satel­lites], and not take up valu­able “national” resources as they have always done. The main draw­back to com­mer­cial is lack of assets (though improv­ing), and lack of time­li­ness. But the capa­bil­ity is great if you want to, say, get mid-​​res city graph­ics of major Iranian cities, or pro­duce mid-​​res famil­iar­iza­tion prod­ucts of Iranian nuclear/​missile facilities. 

TANKER SCANDAL: START HERE

Wednesday, November 24th, 2004

Maybe it was out of sheer lazi­ness. Maybe it was because so many oth­ers have been cov­er­ing the sub­ject so thor­oughly. But I haven’t been blog­ging about the ongo­ing Boeing-​​USAF tanker scan­dal, even though the mess has drained bil­lions in tax­payer funds, cost sev­eral Air Force lead­ers their jobs, and made for some of Washington’s best polit­i­cal the­ater.
Anyway, here is a good place for back­ground on Tankergate. Hopefully, I’ll get off my butt and start cov­er­ing this thing myself.

“WHEN I GROW UP, I WANNA SPY ON THE NEIGHBORS!”

Wednesday, November 24th, 2004

bear_cia.jpgImagine a world where Teletubbies pack heat and Spongebob goes under­cover. That’s appar­ently what US gov­ern­ment web design­ers had in mind when they fol­lowed President Clinton’s 1997 order to add child-​​oriented Web pages to gov­ern­ment sites. Today, the results are bizarre — cryp­to­graphic col­or­ing books, drug-​​sniffing dog car­toons, and spy-​​satellite sing-​​alongs. Are they giant inside jokes? Coded mes­sages? The rem­nants of LSD exper­i­ments gone awry? Only Dick Cheney may know for sure.
Here are two exam­ples. Click on over to my story in this month’s Wired mag­a­zine for the rest:

NRO Jr.
The National Reconnaissance Office used to be so hush-​​hush that offi­cials wouldn’t admit it existed. Now the spy-​​satellite agency has gone cute. The site has songs (“Whoosh Goes Satellite,” to the tune of “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”), sto­ries of cats in space, and “simple-​​to-​​make, paper-​​plate satel­lite pup­pets.“
CIA’s Homepage for Kids
Youngsters can thank CIA “Ace Photo Pigeon” Harry Recon for the excit­ing over­head views of the agency’s Langley, Virginia, head­quar­ters (pre­sum­ably with some details redacted). Meanwhile, Ginger, a mis­chie­vous blue teddy bear, takes a tour of spook HQ — with­out a secu­rity badge. “Lucky the guard knows me!”

USAF WANTS SELF-​​AWARE SATELLITES

Wednesday, November 24th, 2004

msti1-th.gifThe pos­si­bil­ity of a sneak attack in space has the Pentagon spooked. And one of the things that makes Rummy & Co. the most ner­vous is that nobody has a clue what’s actu­ally up there in orbit. Imagine how vast and opaque the seas must have seen to World War I-​​era com­man­ders, and you’ll get the idea.
There are an array of efforts under­way to try to fix this. But a just-​​introduced Air Force pro­gram wins the coolest name award. And it could be in the run­ning for a biggest-​​bang-​​for-​​the-​​buck prize, too, if it ever gets off of the ground.
The Self-​​Aware Satellite” (scroll waaay down) starts with the premise that orbiters already have a lot of sen­sors on board. But these instru­ments are ori­ented inward, to keep tabs on the satellite’s health. What’s worse, many of the sen­sors “are fixed and uni-​​purpose, and they can­not be accessed in a way incon­sis­tent with this orig­i­nally envi­sioned pur­pose,” the Air Force notes.
The Self-​​Aware Satellite also known as Satellite-​​As-​​A-​​Sensor, or SAAS looks to break that rigid mold, and let free up the orbiters’ instrumentation.

In SAAS, all sen­sor data is posted to a cen­tral­ized data­base, which can be freely accessed in real-​​time by a satellite’s own processor(s). Sensors can fur­ther­more be redi­rected to other pur­poses. For exam­ple, a tim­ing, teleme­try and con­trol (TT&C) radio can be retar­geted to behave as a radio-​​frequency (RF) threat-​​warning sen­sor when not oth­er­wise engaged. Correlations between sen­sors can be ana­lyzed by the plat­form on orbit. When com­bined with an autonomous abil­ity to exploit the infor­ma­tion for short-​​loop respon­sive actions, a “self-​​aware” satel­lite is created.


But pulling off this trick means doing a big time rework­ing of satel­lites’ closed and cen­tral­ized soft­ware. And it means repro­gram­ming sen­sors, so they can spot both inter­nal trou­ble as well as threats from without.

BUNKER-​​BUSTER WIPED OUT

Tuesday, November 23rd, 2004

mcloud.jpgI couldn’t quite believe it, when I first got the news over the week­end. But it’s true: “Congress, in a sur­pris­ing blow to the Bush administration’s nuclear weapons ambi­tions, has elim­i­nated fund­ing for two major bomb research pro­grams, includ­ing a so-​​called bunker buster that the pres­i­dent had said was essen­tial to the country’s secu­rity,” the San Francisco Chronicle (among oth­ers) is report­ing.
The bunker-​​buster or, more for­mally, the “Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator” is a weapon that bur­rows about 10 yards beneath the ground before unleash­ing hell. And it has been a con­tentious issue in Congress ever since it was pro­posed by the Administration in 2002. Last year, leg­is­la­tors cut funds for the project in half. Then, in June, a key Republican rep­re­sen­ta­tive Ohio’s David Hobson, who chairs the House Energy and Water Appropriations Subcommittee moved to wipe out funds for the pro­gram entirely. The money was later restored in the Senate.
Now, Hobson seems to have struck again, ful­fill­ing a pledge John Kerry made in the Presidential debates, to ban the bunker-​​buster.
“The U.S. has about 10,000 war­heads in the stock­pile already. To him, that num­ber is enough,” Hobson’s press sec­re­tary, Sara Perkins, tells the Chron.
But while Hobson has com­plained long and loud about America’s Cold War-​​sized atomic stock­pile, there’s a lit­tle more to his bunker-​​buster oppo­si­tion than that. Hobson has also been a big-​​time critic of the Energy Department bureau­crats in charge of the country’s nuclear weapons pro­grams. And he’s not afraid to use issues like the bunker-​​buster as a club against them. As I wrote back in June:

[In 2003], he pared back pro­posed fund­ing for some weapons research pro­grams. For oth­ers, he with­held funds until the Bush admin­is­tra­tion came up with a plan to shrink the country’s nuclear weapons stock­pile. That road map — to halve the American arse­nal by 2012 — was sub­mit­ted last week.
“After sev­eral years of frus­tra­tion, we finally put a fence around some of (Energy Department’s) advanced con­cepts fund­ing and said that it would not be avail­able until the depart­ment deliv­ered a revised stock­pile plan,” Hobson said in a state­ment. “I admit that we held a DOE pro­gram hostage until they pro­duced this revised stock­pile plan, and you know what? — the power of the purse does work!” 

CHICAGO LISTENS UP FOR GUNS

Tuesday, November 23rd, 2004

sniperBW.jpg“Gang mem­bers in Chicago who fire off a few rounds at their rivals [could] find cops on the scene in min­utes, thanks to new gunshot-​​detection devices being installed in 80 loca­tions around the city before the end of the year,” Wired News reports.

The devices, mounted on tele­phone poles in spe­cific neigh­bor­hoods, lis­ten for the dis­tinc­tive sound of a gun­shot and imme­di­ately alert a police dis­patcher when one is detected. A video cam­era in the device allows the dis­patcher to keep an eye on the scene until offi­cers arrive.
The sys­tem is sim­i­lar to those being used to decrease gunshot-​​related injuries and deaths in a half dozen other cities in the United States, includ­ing Redwood City, California; Glendale, Arizona; and Charleston, South Carolina.
Here’s how the sys­tems work: Police mount the detec­tion devices, which include micro­phones and sound-​​analysis hard­ware, on tele­phone poles and other loca­tions in neigh­bor­hoods where gun­fire is a prob­lem. The devices are con­nected to a con­trol cen­ter where dis­patch­ers wait to receive alerts via their computers. 

Chicago author­i­ties have been get­ting increas­ingly worked up about using dis­trib­uted tech­nol­ogy to keep tabs on their less-​​than-​​friendly res­i­dents. In September, Mayor Daley announced a pro­posal to net­work together 2,000 sur­veil­lance cam­eras around the city.
Chicago’s gun­shot detec­tors sound a whole lot like Darpa’s “Boomerang,” sniper-​​finder sys­tem, which G.I.s have been mount­ing on their Humvees since early in the year. More info on the project’s next stage –designed to fight off RPG attacks, as well — is here.

SOFTWARE SPOTS A MASTERPIECE

Monday, November 22nd, 2004

perugino_f.jpgNo, this doesn’t have a damn thing to do with killer drones, pain rays, or mul­lahs with nukes. But I’m post­ing this Wired News story of mine any­way, dammit. It’s about soft­ware tools that may be able to spot the dif­fer­ence between a real paint­ing, and a slick forgery.

Scholars have had their sus­pi­cions that the paint­ing of Madonna and child cred­ited to the Italian Renaissance mas­ter Pietro Perugino wasn’t really done by him alone. But they could never be sure.
Now, a new set of soft­ware tools, devel­oped by a Dartmouth College team, seems to con­firm the art his­to­ri­ans’ doubts, show­ing evi­dence of at least four dif­fer­ent painters work­ing on the can­vas. The pro­grams’ mak­ers hope this will be the first in a long line of art authen­ti­ca­tion mys­ter­ies they can help put to rest, with code that can sort out real from fake.
“There are prop­er­ties in an artist’s pen and brush strokes that aren’t vis­i­ble to the human eye, but that are there nonethe­less. And we can find them, through math­e­mat­i­cal, sta­tis­ti­cal analy­sis,” said Dartmouth com­puter sci­ence pro­fes­sor Hany Farid, who devel­oped the algo­rithms, along with math pro­fes­sor Daniel Rockmore and grad­u­ate stu­dent Siwei Lyu.
But museum cura­tors and sta­tis­ti­cians cau­tion that the Dartmouth group’s tech­niques have only begun to be tested. Using algo­rithms to back up schol­ars’ sus­pi­cions is one thing; uncov­er­ing a fraud with just a com­puter, that’s com­pletely dif­fer­ent. And in the art world, no sci­en­tific method is con­sid­ered as sure as the eye of a sea­soned con­nois­seur.
“This is very unusual,” said Nadine Orenstein, the cura­tor of the draw­ings and prints depart­ment at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. “We’re all a bit skeptical.”

THERE’S MORE: Earlier this year, Farid made noise when he unveiled his soft­ware for find­ing faked dig­i­tal images. My New York Times story on that work is here.