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Archive for February, 2005

PENTAGON BUDGET BLACKMAIL

Monday, February 28th, 2005

Give us more money, or sol­diers aren’t going to get paid. That’s the cyn­i­cal game the Pentagon’s lead­er­ship has been play­ing with the Army’s bud­get in recent months. And now, it’s crunch time.
rummy_what.jpgSince the fall, Rumsfeld & Co. have been dip­ping into the Army’s day-​​to-​​day funds — like money for sol­diers’ pay­checks — and then dar­ing Congress not to make up the dif­fer­ence with a sec­ond, “sup­ple­men­tal” pile of cash.
The tab comes due this Spring, Defense Daily reports. The Army needs $41 bil­lion of that sup­ple­men­tal kitty by then, or else it is going to go broke, with­out cash left to pay G.I.s.

Already, the ser­vice has pulled for­ward some $11 bil­lion in funds from the third and fourth quar­ters of its [fis­cal year 2005] bud­get, a senior Army bud­get offi­cer said at a brief­ing on Friday.
I think its early May when we run out of money, the offi­cial said. The most money is being spent on oper­a­tions and main­te­nance. What were doing right now is tak­ing monies from the fourth quar­ter and the third quar­ter­were already spend­ing, you know, my September pay­check.
Weve pulled in about the last five and a half months to spend in the first six and a half. 

That same offi­cial said that this sort of spend­ing has no prac­ti­cal effect on sol­diers, accord­ing to Defense Daily. And he’s prob­a­bly right, for the moment. What politi­cian would vote to deprive a sol­dier of his pay­check?
But key mem­bers of Congress, like Sen. John McCain, are get­ting increas­ingly fed up with this back­door effort to add tens of bil­lions to the defense bud­get by essen­tially hold­ing G.I.‘s liveli­hood hostage. Sooner or later, things are going to come to a head.

DRONES WRONG FOR BORDER WATCH?

Sunday, February 27th, 2005

The Homeland Security Department has been using pilot­less spy planes to patrol the Mexican bor­der for nearly a year. Vigilante groups have been putting unmanned eyes in the sky for even longer. But a new report from the Congressional Research Service is warn­ing that there could be some pretty major draw­backs to using robotic bor­der guards.

The tech­ni­cal capa­bil­i­ties of the UAVs have been tested in a mil­i­tary con­text, but seri­ous safety and tech­ni­cal issues need to be addressed if the pro­gram is to be expanded domes­ti­cally
hermes_small.jpgThere are con­cerns regard­ing UAVs high acci­dent rate. Currently, the UAV acci­dent rate is 100 times higher than that of manned air­craftIf con­trol sys­tems fail in a manned air­craft, a well-​​trained pilot is bet­ter posi­tioned to find the source of the prob­lem because of his/​her phys­i­cal prox­im­ity. If a UAV encoun­tered a sim­i­lar sys­tem fail­ure, or if a UAV land­ing was attempted dur­ing dif­fi­cult weather con­di­tions, the ground con­trol pilot would be at a dis­ad­van­tage because he or she is removed from the event. Unlike a manned pilot, the remote pilot would not be able to assess impor­tant sen­sory infor­ma­tion such as wind speed
Another con­sid­er­a­tion is how well the [bor­der patrol] could respond to UAV imagery. Are there enough bor­der patrol resources to inves­ti­gate all UAV iden­ti­fied tar­gets? Would the lack of human resources ren­der high tech­nol­ogy like UAVs less effec­tive?…
A final poten­tial ques­tion per­tains to civil lib­er­ties such as per­sonal pri­vacy. Some are con­cerned that UAVs deployed over the United States may pro­vide gov­ern­ment agen­cies a new abil­ity to clan­des­tinely mon­i­tor citizens

However, the report sug­gests, there is an alter­na­tive to the drones: aerostats, “the helium-​​filled blimps that dont fly hor­i­zon­tally but are instead teth­ered to the ground with a cable that pro­vides power. Like UAVs, aerostats are unmanned and can loi­ter for long peri­ods of time. But the blimps crash less, have had exten­sive test­ing in civil set­tings, and may not cost as much as putting robots in the skies.
(thanks to Nick for the tip)

COOL TOOLBAR

Sunday, February 27th, 2005

The bosses here have come up with a nifty lit­tle appli­ca­tion for the military-​​minded: a tool­bar that gives one-​​click access to defense head­lines, pho­tos and videos from the site’s “Shock & Awe” grab bag, and dis­counted gear for ser­vice mem­bers. Click here to check it out.

ANTI-​​MISSILE PASSES TEST AT SEA

Friday, February 25th, 2005

aegis_test.jpgWe give the mis­sile defense pro­gram a pretty hard time around here, espe­cially when they don’t even man­age to pass their own dumbed-​​down tests. So give the Star Wars crowd some credit: one of their inter­cep­tors suc­cess­fully downed a mock war­head on Thursday. It’s “the fifth suc­cess in six such tests of the fledg­ling U.S. anti-​​missile shield’s sea-​​based leg,” accord­ing to Reuters. The ground-​​based com­po­nent of the mis­sile shield has, obvi­ously, not per­formed nearly as well.
The tar­get rocket was fired from the U.S. Pacific Missile Range Facility at Barking Sands, Kauai, and was hit a few min­utes later from a Standard Missile-​​3 inter­cep­tor fired from the USS Lake Erie guided mis­sile cruiser. The ship used the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense Weapon System to track the tar­get. By year’s end, the U.S. Navy wants 18 ships equipped with the sys­tem, Defense Daily notes.
“Last fall,” Reuters observes, “the Japan-​​based Arleigh Burke-​​class destroyer Curtis Wilbur became the first com­po­nent of the anti-​​missile shield to be put on patrol in the Sea of Japan to guard against North Korean attack.“
Philip Coyle, the Pentagon’s for­mer chief of test­ing and eval­u­a­tion and a nor­mally vicious skep­tic of the mis­sile defense sys­tem, was muted in his reac­tions to yesterday’s test. But he did have this to say:

I assume that the inter­cept took place so soon after inter­cep­tor launch — just two min­utes — because they wanted to demon­strate the capa­bil­ity inter­cept a short range enemy mis­sile, and at rel­a­tively close range from the launch­ing Aegis ship. Depending on the actual geom­e­try and con­di­tions, such tests can be highly scripted to be suc­cess­ful on such a short time scale. 

THERE’S MORE: Canada decided yes­ter­day not to join in the American anti-​​missile effort. And that elicited a rather odd reponse from U.S. ambas­sador Paul Cellucci: “We sim­ply can­not under­stand why Canada would in effect give up its sov­er­eignty its seat at the table to decide what to do about a mis­sile that might be com­ing towards Canada.“
Right. Canada makes its own deci­sions about how best to spend its money and defend its cit­i­zens. And that means it’s giv­ing up its sov­er­eignty. Whatever you say, Paul.
(thanks to RC for the pointer)
AND MORE: “What the U.S. Ambassador is say­ing is that the U.S. has arro­gated to itself the right to invade Canada’s air­space in order to fire at an incom­ing mis­sile that may be aimed at Canada, the U.S., or Mexico, even if Canada objects to such an action,” Defense Tech Dad Tom Shachtman says over on the forum. “This in effect negates Canadian sov­er­eignty over its own air­space.“
Jeff Quinton points out that a retired Canadian gen­eral has just made a sim­i­lar point — that, as Jeff puts it, “NORAD/​Northern Command… are set up to pro­vide secu­rity for the whole con­ti­nent and that Canada could be shut out of the plan­ning process.”

“Canadians will not have any par­tic­i­pa­tion in the actual decision-​​making or the rules of engage­ment or any­thing to do with bal­lis­tic mis­sile defence,” lieutenant-​​general George MacDonald, the for­mer vice-​​chief of defence staff and now a con­sul­tant, tells the National Post. “We will sim­ply be feed­ing the system.”

AND MORE: “Prime Minister Paul Martin said Canada must be con­sulted before the U.S. decides to fire on mis­siles that enter Canadian air­space, despite Ottawa’s refusal to par­tic­i­pate in America’s mis­sile defence pro­gram,” the CBC reports.

“I don’t think that any­one expected that there would be any other fin­ger on a but­ton than the Americans,” Martin said Friday, a day after his deci­sion not to join the pro­gram.
“But in terms of Canadian air­space, yes we would expect to be con­sulted. This is our air­space. We’re a sov­er­eign nation. And you don’t intrude on a sov­er­eign nation’s air­space with­out seek­ing per­mis­sion,” Martin said. 

JITTERS FOR RADIO PROJECT

Friday, February 25th, 2005

During the early days of the Iraq inva­sion, some Marines were forced to use as many as seven dif­fer­ent radios to com­mu­ni­cate with col­leagues and supe­ri­ors. That’s why the Defense Department has been work­ing so fever­ishly on “Jitters,” or JTRS, the $5 bil­lion Joint Tactical Radio System effort to replace 750,000 old-​​school radios with software-​​based mod­els.
But now, National Defense mag­a­zine reports, Jitters may be in trou­ble.

jtrs.jpgEncryption prob­lems and an array of other tech­ni­cal short­com­ings are throw­ing the entire project into ques­tion, said indus­try sources…
The JTRS ver­sion known as clus­ter 1, intended for use aboard Army heli­copters and ground vehi­cles, is sched­uled for a major Defense Department review this sum­mer.
An Army tech­ni­cal review, known as early oper­a­tional assess­ment, is slated for April. In January, how­ever, the Army ordered the con­trac­tors to halt JTRS-​​related work for at least six weeks.
Technical chal­lenges were encoun­tered dur­ing devel­op­ment and inte­gra­tion that indi­cated the need for upgrades in per­for­mance and mod­i­fi­ca­tions in design, said Timothy Rider, spokesman for the Army Communications and Electronics Command.
This marks a sharp rever­sal of for­tune for JTRS, which was hailed by Pentagon offi­cials in 2002 as a trans­for­ma­tional pro­gram that would under­pin the Defense Departments vision of an inter­con­nected network-​​centric mil­i­tary force…
The Army declined to elab­o­rate on what exactly the tech­ni­cal issues are that poten­tially could derail this pro­gram. Industry sources con­tacted by National Defense indi­cated that one key area of con­cern is the encryp­tion tech­nol­ogy, which is over­seen by the National Security Agency. Changes in the JTRS secu­rity archi­tec­ture requested by the NSA poten­tially could delay the deliv­er­ies of JTRS clus­ter 1 by two years. Unlike pre­vi­ous gen­er­a­tions of mil­i­tary radios, JTRS is entirely software-​​based, mak­ing the sys­tem more sus­cep­ti­ble to hack­ing and prompt­ing NSA to tighten the encryp­tion requirements.

THERE’S MORE: NSA con­cerns aren’t the only rea­son Jitters is being delayed, Inside Defense notes.

The sys­tems pro­cess­ing and mem­ory capac­ity included no room for growth. Studies showed that the limit of the sys­tems ran­dom access mem­ory was likely to be exceeded and would lead to pos­si­ble erratic per­for­mance that would be dif­fi­cult to iso­late, said Tim Rider, a spokesman for the Army’s the Communications-​​Electronics Life Cycle Management Command.
As a result, pro­gram offi­cials deter­mined that mov­ing from the pro­to­types early lim­ited func­tion­al­ity to the final design would not be pos­si­ble, Rider said…
Program offi­cials real­ized the chal­lenges would lead to cost increases by October 2004, Rider wrote in response to ques­tions. There were three key signs. First, Boeing needed more resources to fin­ish hard­ware and non-​​waveform soft­ware require­ments that would address mem­ory short­falls. Next, new base­line require­ments emerged. Also, evolv­ing oper­a­tional sce­nar­ios and the devel­op­ment of the Defense Departments Global Information Grid expanded the under­stand­ing of a net­worked sys­tem of sys­tems, which has dri­ven upgrades to the radio sys­tem archi­tec­ture that are needed to com­ply with National Security Agency stan­dards…
In January 2004, the pro­gram received a reserve fund of $159 mil­lion for poten­tial finan­cial risks that were known to exist before the con­tract award. Boeing and the Army pro­gram office are prepar­ing a plan and cost esti­mate for any addi­tional cost increases and can­not pro­vide spe­cific fig­ures until that process is com­plete, Rider said.

LOS ALAMOS’ COSMIC NUKE-​​SPOTTER

Thursday, February 24th, 2005

I’ve been fas­ci­nated by cos­mic rays, ever since they turned Ben Grimm, Reed Richards, Sue Storm, and her kid brother Johnny into world-​​saving super­heroes. So I was glad to hear that Los Alamos sci­en­tists had fig­ured out a way to use the rays to detect smug­gled nuclear mate­r­ial. Government Executive explains:

ff107.jpgThe tech­nique involves the use of muons, which are pro­duced when cos­mic radi­a­tion decays as it hits the Earth. Los Alamos researchers have devel­oped a sys­tem that uses muon radi­og­ra­phy to detect ura­nium, plu­to­nium or other dense mate­ri­als. A sus­pect object, such as a cargo con­tainer, is passed through two pairs of detec­tors — one set above the object and one below — that record muons’ paths before and after they pass through the object. Analysis of the energy and tra­jec­tory of the muons results in a three-​​dimensional map of the inside of the sus­pect object…
Muon radi­og­ra­phy has sev­eral advan­tages over detec­tors now deployed at U.S. bor­ders, which use either X-​​rays or gamma rays, accord­ing to the lab­o­ra­tory. For exam­ple, gamma-​​ray detec­tors are less pen­e­trat­ing than those using muons, pro­duce results that require addi­tional inter­pre­ta­tion and require the use of haz­ardous mate­r­ial such as cobalt.
Los Alamos sci­en­tists are now work­ing to develop a set of muon radi­og­ra­phy detec­tors large enough to scan large metal objects within 60 sec­onds. As the process devel­ops, inspec­tors using the detec­tors may be able to clear a vehi­cle within about 20 sec­onds of muon expo­sure, the lab­o­ra­tory release says.
“We believe we’ve worked through all of the major obsta­cles to build­ing a pro­to­type sys­tem for a range of secu­rity issues,” Chris Morris of the laboratory’s Physics Division. 

There’s no word, yet, on whether the detec­tor could serve as an early warn­ing sys­tem, should the Skrulls invade, or Galactus decides to return to eat the planet.

SURVEILLANCE IS FUN!

Thursday, February 24th, 2005

ST_28_security3_f.jpgBeing Big Brother can be such a drag, star­ing at walls of black-​​and-​​white secu­rity mon­i­tors all day. It’s a one-​​way trip to napville. And it doesn’t exactly make for tight secu­rity, either. One per­son can only watch six to eight sur­veil­lance screens for about twenty min­utes before every­thing goes blurry, accord­ing to the watcher’s rule of thumb.
An Atlanta start-​​up, Vistascape, has been liven­ing things up for mon­i­tor jock­eys, with a bowl full of eye candy, to keep them engaged in what they’re doing. Screen banks are replaced with a sin­gle, 3D-​​view of a facil­ity that lets a secu­rity offi­cer “fly” around the area from his desk­top, and focus on a sin­gle intruder. The U.S. Navy, the port of Corpus Christi, and sev­eral pri­vate energy com­pa­nies are all using the sys­tem. About 20 other instal­la­tions includ­ing Boston’s Logan Airport — are sched­uled to get in on the fun soon. My arti­cle in this month’s Wired mag­a­zine has an exam­ple of how it works.
THERE’S MORE: Patrick Di Justo has a hot arti­cle in today’s Times on the dan­gers of unse­cured web­cams. Teenagers in panties are mentioned.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY, DEAR DEFENSE TECH

Thursday, February 24th, 2005

34! Send flowers!

POLICE DOGS GET K-​​9 CAMS

Wednesday, February 23rd, 2005

dog_con_camera.jpgThere’s been a new edi­tion to Defense Tech’s head­quar­ters staff — Pablo, a cute-​​as-​​hell retriever-​​lab blend on loan from the girlfriend’s sis­ter. Pablo has been help­ful about get­ting the folks here out of the house (for once). But he hasn’t been enlisted for sur­veil­lance duty. Yet.
That may change, as Defense Tech con­sid­ers fol­low­ing the lead of the Northumbria Police Department, and out­fit­ting Pablo with a mini cam­era and wire­less trans­mit­ter that sits on the top of the pooch’s head. (via Gizmodo)
THERE’S MORE: Hopefully, these spy-​​doggies will get a nice set of K-​​9 armor when they’re out on patrol.

SPYBOYS, START YOUR BLOGGING

Wednesday, February 23rd, 2005

Former Centcom intel­li­gence ana­lyst and Defense Tech pal Kris Alexander has some advice for our spy­boys in this month’s Wired mag­a­zine: start blog­ging.

It’s an open secret that the US intel­li­gence com­mu­nity has its own clas­si­fied, highly secure Internet. Called Intelink, it’s got por­tals, chat rooms, mes­sage boards, search engines, web­mail, and tons of servers. It’s pretty damn cool… for four years ago…
The first step toward reform: Encourage blog­ging on Intelink. When I Google “Afghanistan blog” on the pub­lic Internet, I find 1.1 mil­lion entries and tons of use­ful infor­ma­tion. But on Intelink there are no blogs. Imagine if the experts in every intel­li­gence field were turned loose — all that’s needed is some cheap soft­ware. It’s not far-​​fetched to pic­ture a top-​​secret CIA blog about al Qaeda, with post­ings from Navy Intelligence and the FBI, among oth­ers. Leave the bureau­cratic infight­ing to the agency heads. Give good ana­lysts good tools, and they’ll deliver out­stand­ing results.
And why not tap the brain­power of the blo­gos­phere as well? The intel­li­gence com­mu­nity does a ter­ri­ble job of look­ing out­side itself for infor­ma­tion… If intel­li­gence orga­ni­za­tions built a col­lab­o­ra­tive envi­ron­ment through blogs, they could quickly iden­tify cred­i­ble sources, develop a deep back­field of con­tribut­ing ana­lysts, and engage the world as a whole. How cool would it be to gain “trusted user” sta­tus on a CIA blog?

Sign me up, Kris!