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Archive for September, 2006

Chemical Weapons? What Chemical Weapons?

Friday, September 29th, 2006

I was clear­ing out my in-​​box when I noticed this note: EDITORS ALERT: The American Forces Press Service recalls the arti­cle titled DoD Officials Urge Use of Non-​​lethal Weapons in Terror War by Jim Garamone, pub­lished Sept. 27, 2006. The arti­cle con­tains inac­cu­rate infor­ma­tion and should not be used.
news3.jpgUsually, news ser­vices cor­rect innacu­rate infor­ma­tion. The Armed Forces Press Service didnt do this, how­ever, they just with­drew the entire arti­cle from their site. The great thing about the Internet, how­ever, is that the arti­cle lives on through other web­sites. Ive attached the full arti­cle below.
Among other inter­est­ing tid­bits, the arti­cle quotes a senior Pentagon offi­cial not­ing that the Chemical Weapons Convention con­strains mil­i­tary per­son­nel from offen­sive use of riot-​​control agents (like tear gas). This fol­lows up on ear­lier debate, described in this arti­cle from 2003 in the New York Times, on President Bush autho­riz­ing tear gas for defen­sive oper­a­tions (some­thing pre­sum­ably not in vio­la­tion with the con­ven­tion).
The sticky issue is when you use riot con­trol agents for offen­sive oper­a­tions and judg­ing from this Armed Forces Press Service arti­cle, thats the road theyre going down.

DoD Officials Urge Use of Non-​​lethal Weapons in Terror War
By Jim Garamone American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Sept. 27, 2006 DoD offi­cials today urged a change in pol­icy that would allow U.S. ser­vice­mem­bers to use tear gas and other non-​​lethal weapons in the global war on ter­ror. Joseph A. Benkert, prin­ci­pal deputy assis­tant defense sec­re­tary for inter­na­tional secu­rity pol­icy, and Air Force Brig. Gen. Otis G. Mannon, deputy direc­tor for spe­cial oper­a­tions on the Joint Staff, spoke to the Senate Armed Service Committees sub­com­mit­tee on readi­ness and man­age­ment.
At issue is an Executive Order issued in 1975 that for­bids American ser­vice­mem­bers first use of riot con­trol agents in war, except in defen­sive mil­i­tary modes to save lives. The pol­icy fur­ther states that all use of riot con­trol agents in war is pro­hib­ited unless such use has pres­i­den­tial approval in advance.
An amend­ment in the fis­cal 2006 National Defense Authorization Act the Ensign Amendment after sub­com­mit­tee chair­man Nevada Sen. John Ensign takes non-​​lethal weapons for riot con­trol out of this pro­hi­bi­tion.
Benkert said offi­cials want to assure that our men and women in uni­form have the full range of options avail­able to them to carry out their mis­sions.
Benkert stressed that the riot con­trol agents he was talk­ing about are not listed in a Chemical Weapons Convention sched­ule. He is refer­ring to such non-​​lethal weapons as tear gas and pep­per spray. He also said his tes­ti­mony did not address other non-​​chemical, non-​​lethal weapons such as foams, water canons, bean­bags or rub­ber bul­lets.
It may be dif­fi­cult for many Americans to under­stand why their armed forces can use riot con­trol agents only in defined cir­cum­stances when they see their local law enforce­ment agents using them effec­tively every day, Benkert said. The United States mil­i­tary must oper­ate within the para­me­ters of the Chemical Weapons Convention and Executive Order 11850, which con­strain the abil­ity of our armed forces to use riot con­trol agents in offen­sive oper­a­tions in wartime and obvi­ously do not apply to our col­leagues in law enforce­ment.
Benkert and Mannon stressed that even when allowed to carry these weapons, DoD per­son­nel go through exhaus­tive and com­pre­hen­sive train­ing on their use. He said they also receive train­ing in the law of war and applic­a­ble Geneva Conventions impli­ca­tions. The Department of Defense has issued reg­u­la­tions, doc­trine and train­ing mate­ri­als pro­vid­ing guid­ance as to when riot con­trol agents may be used, he said.
Before U.S. mil­i­tary per­son­nel may use riot con­trol agents, they must have proper autho­riza­tion. The pres­i­dent must approve any use in war in a defen­sive mil­i­tary mode to save lives.
Under var­i­ous cir­cum­stances, in light of the chang­ing envi­ron­ment in which armed con­flicts are tak­ing place, in such a dynamic envi­ron­ment the peace­keep­ing, law enforce­ment and tra­di­tional bat­tle­field roles of deployed units may be present at dif­fer­ent times within the same the­ater of oper­a­tions, Benkert said. The use of riot con­trol agents will be eval­u­ated based on the par­tic­u­lar unit or mis­sion involved and the par­tic­u­lar facts and cir­cum­stances of the mis­sion at the requested time. 

Sharon Weinberger (cross-​​posted at Imaginary Weapons)

UPDATE 4:35 PM: Noah here. In his tesit­mony, Benkert noted that “It may be dif­fi­cult for many Americans to under­stand why their Armed Forces can use riot con­trol agents in only defined cir­cum­stances when they see their local law enforce­ment agen­cies using them effec­tively every day.” I’m one of those Americans. So I asked Edward Hammond, who heads up nonlethal-​​weapon-​​watching Sunshine Project for his thoughts. Check out his answers after the jump.

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‘Invisible’ Boomerang ‘Bot

Friday, September 29th, 2006

It’s nice to have a set of robotic eyes in the sky. But sur­veil­lance drones tend to be loud, and rather obvi­ous, as they keep watch above a Middle Eastern city. Many guerilla types know by now to avoid the things.
Phantom-Demo.jpgThat’s why a small com­pany out of Minneapolis, VeraTech Areo, has built a hand-​​held spy drone that it says is prac­ti­cally invis­i­ble. Battery pow­ered and shaped like a boomerang, the “Phantom Sentinel” unmanned aeiral vehi­cle (UAV) “is in con­stant motion and the cen­ter of [its] mass is located out­side of the fuse­lage,” Catherine MacRae Hockmuth tells us in the cur­rent issue of Defense Technology International. “As the air­craft spins, it dis­ap­pears from vision,” an AeroTech fact sheet adds.
Even bet­ter, the com­pany promises, is that the fold­ing, backpack-​​ready drone “has a uniquely min­i­mal cross sec­tion allow­ing it to ‘slice’ through even the most adverse weather con­di­tions that would keep con­ven­tional UAV sys­tems on the ground. The rota­tional iner­tia gen­er­ated in flight allows the UAV to self level and main­tain a very high degree of sta­bil­ity, even while hov­er­ing.“
There don’t seem to be any mil­i­tary orders for the Phantom, yet. But the com­pany does have a patents for its hard-​​to-​​spot flights — and a wacky, techno-​​themed video, too.

Rapid Fire 09/​29/​06

Friday, September 29th, 2006

* 12,000 G.I.s under NATO com­mand
* Satcomm low­down
* Bush buddy: WH war dis­ar­ray
* Saudis plan Iraq fence
* Everyone wants high-​​tech sol­dier get-​​ups
* $10M more for giant spy blimp
* Space Command’s “Cosmic” R&D
* 5 year plan for drones in national air­space
* “Rocketmen unite!“
* “Be care­ful what you ask for

(Big ups: RC)

CIA’s Wacky, Online ‘Personality Quiz’

Thursday, September 28th, 2006

These are tough times for the Central Intelligence Agency. It’s not just the blown calls on Iraq. Or the bruis­ing turf bat­tles with the White House. There’s the series of inter­nal purges. And, of course, the con­stant threat of another ter­ror­ist attack. No won­der the Agency is hav­ing trou­ble hir­ing good peo­ple.
But still, can things have grown so dire at Langley that the CIA has to resort to gim­micks like this wink-​​wink-​​trying-​​to-​​be-​​ironic-​​and-​​cool-​​but-​​instead-​​looking-​​even-​​more-​​dorky recruit­ing web­site
cia_quiz_screen_grab.JPG
The “CIA per­son­al­ity quiz” is sup­posed to show how the Agency needs all types to func­tion. So the exam offers up a series of ques­tions, about your favorite leisure activ­i­ties, the “kind of trans­porta­tion you pre­fer,” and what super power you’d like to have. And then the site tells you what kind of valu­able asset to the CIA you’d be.
If the super power you want is flight, for exam­ple, and your dream is to climb Mt. Everest, accord­ing to the Agency, you’re a “Daring Thrill Seeker.” If you pre­fer shop­ping on Rodeo Drive and sun­bathing on a yacht, that means you’re a “Innovative Pioneer.” If you’d like to have ESP and a designer wardrobe, that qual­i­fies you as an “Impressive Mastermind.” Naturally.
Somehow, this is all meant to dis­pel myths about what it’s like to work for the Agency. Take Myth #1, for instance: “Youll Never See Your Family and Friends Again.” Au con­traire, the site says. “The work we do may be secret, but that doesnt mean your life will be. Because the vari­ety of CIA careers is sim­i­lar to that of any major cor­po­ra­tion. So your friends and fam­ily will still be part of your life.“
Nor will your work be all that dan­ger­ous. “Car chases through the alley­ways of a for­eign city are com­mon on TV, but theyre not what a CIA career is about. And, they dont com­pare with the real­ity of being part of world­wide intel­li­gence oper­a­tions sup­port­ing a global mis­sion.“
And that gru­el­ing back­ground check? Don’t sweat it. “Because of our national secu­rity role, CIA appli­cants must meet spe­cific qual­i­fi­ca­tions but, dont worry. Getting caught smok­ing in high school isnt enough to dis­qual­ify you. Your intel­lect, skills, expe­ri­ence and desire to serve the nation are most impor­tant to us.“
Unless you’re set­ting up Agency web­sites, I guess.

Rapid Fire 09/​28/​06

Thursday, September 28th, 2006

* Sadr mili­tia splin­ter­ing
* Raptor 1, Congress 0
* U.S. vs. Sudan?
* Spybitch whines
* Wynne’s wife gets zapped
* Gun-​​mounted face recog­ni­tion?
* New anti-​​tank mis­sile blasts away
* Spaceship dream revived
* Rutan/​Branson ship revealed!
* Drones’ indoor swarm
* Raven goes British
* Scorcher! Marines run­ning marathon — in Iraq
* “Synthetic vision” for copter pilots (back­ground here)
* Just give up now

(Big ups: EH, JQP)

Homeland Security Blues

Wednesday, September 27th, 2006

When I scan the papers for how the feds, state and locals are deal­ing with ter­ror­ist CBRN [Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear] inci­dents, I cringe. We seem to swing from pan­der­ing to our worst fears to get a few more bucks to blind rote rep­e­ti­tion in haz­ard response that doesn’t match logic to the threat. Here’s a few exam­ples that I hope are not typ­i­cal, but I won­der…
hazmat suit.jpg
In Denver, there was a “white pow­der” scare on Sunday - actu­ally, it wasn’t even a pow­der scare, it was a num­ber of cap­sules hold­ing a yel­low pow­der which were deliv­ered to a bank. It tested pos­i­tive for a bio­log­i­cal organ­ism (pro­tein) but not anthrax. There was no threat in the enve­lope, no return address, no vis­i­ble signs of ill effects on the employ­ees han­dling the mail. So of course the locals did the rou­tine thing — quar­an­tine the seven bank employ­ees and the police offi­cer who answered the 911 call, call the feds, let the WMD Civil Support Team con­firm it’s not anthrax, and strip and wash the employ­ees in the bank’s park­ing lot. Yep — routine.

But as a pre­cau­tion, the employ­ees were scrubbed in a puffy orange tent and sent home in a haz­ardous– mate­ri­als suit because the sub­stance was still unknown Sunday evening. One of the female employ­ees cried on her way out of the decon­t­a­m­i­na­tion tent, where she was required to strip naked and get scrubbed down by a hazardous-​​materials team.
The police offi­cer also was decon­t­a­m­i­nated because he came in con­tact with the employ­ees when he answered the 911 call.

Okay, is it ask­ing too much for some­one — between FEMA, the FBI, the Army (assum­ing the 20th SUPCOM), the WMD CST, and the Denver fire­fight­ers and haz­mat team — to think, hmmm, doesn’t test out as a BW agent or any typ­i­cal white/​yellow pow­der, no weird mes­sages in the enve­lope, maybe we don’t have to recre­ate the decon scene from “Silkwood” for what is prob­a­bly a false alarm and obvi­ously not a chem­i­cal or radi­o­log­i­cal haz­ard that might cause an acute lethal reac­tion. Idiots.
Let’s flash over to Kansas City, where Kansas State University is plan­ning to open up a Bio-​​Security Research Institute, which will study food safety. About $54 mil­lion is being invested in the facil­ity. The uni­ver­sity has a pro­gram called “Making America Safer” which includes sev­eral projects funded by DHS. They’re look­ing for­ward to helping…

Now, under the cen­ters purview, hun­dreds of researchers and stu­dents are engaged in projects aimed at keep­ing America safe. The cen­ter works with the depart­ments of Agriculture, Defense and Justice and other fed­eral, state and local agen­cies to facil­i­tate an effec­tive strat­egy for rapid response to emerg­ing agri­cul­tural threats, Vanier said.
The cen­ter is even devel­op­ing plans for train­ing police and fire­fight­ers who would be early respon­ders in the event of a bioter­ror­ist attack.

No, it’s not the sci­en­tists’ job to limit or halt bioter­ror­ism attacks, con­trary to the article’s cheery tone. Intelligence pro­fes­sion­als find out where the ter­ror­ists are and coun­tert­er­ror­ism units grab the bad guys. All the sci­en­tists do is preach how deadly the bugs are and why they need more money to research the haz­ards. Although I should take it easy on K-State’s asso­ciate vice provost for research and com­pli­ance, Jerry Jaax - he paid his dues as an Army MRIID doc work­ing at the Reston Ebola break­out in 1989 — he’s still a typ­i­cal medic: “a bioter­ror­ism attack could crip­ple the agricultural-​​based econ­omy of the [Kansas] region. Jaax said a ‘sig­nif­i­cant risk’ of such an attack does exist.” Yadda yadda. Where’s the intel assess­ment?
Last, let’s jump up to the Fed level. ABC News gets Richard Clarke (its paid con­sul­tant) and the FBI’s WMD Division to hype up the spinach E. coli inci­dent into a poten­tial agro-​​terrorism incident.

Government inves­ti­ga­tors say there’s no evi­dence link­ing the cur­rent E. coli out­break in which tainted spinach has caused at least 171 known cases in 25 states, accord­ing to the FDA to ter­ror­ism. But those same inves­ti­ga­tors are keenly aware that America’s food sup­ply is vul­ner­a­ble to attack. An inter­na­tional meet­ing on how to fight agro-​​terrorism starts Monday in Kansas City.
Government agen­cies have held mock exer­cises to see what would hap­pen if the food sup­ply was com­pro­mised. The results were cat­a­strophic.
“What hap­pened was utter chaos,” said Sen. Patrick Roberts, R-​​Kan. “We lost almost the entire live­stock herd of the United States, all export stock. We had panic at the gro­cery stores.”

What a shock. A national exer­cise which went for the “worst case sce­nario” route to test the lead­er­ship responses, despite all lack of any evi­dence of a cur­rent ter­ror­ist threat and the com­plete lack of any past his­tory of agro-​​terrorism. But it jus­ti­fies the USDA’s research bills.
Is it too much to ask for some san­ity? Some logic and com­mon sense? Natural dis­as­ters, acci­dents and indige­nous dis­eases are still the major killers out there, peo­ple. I’m not against some funds for coun­ter­ing CBRN ter­ror­ism — it pays my bills — but cer­tainly we could be spend­ing it smarter, and more impor­tantly, talk­ing about the topic more intel­li­gently.
UPDATE: Offices in Denver got four “anthrax” envelopes Monday — some copy­cat with a sick sense of humor. We need FEMA or the state EOCs to develop pro­ce­dures that will min­i­mize panic and not auto­mat­i­cally go to four-​​alarm mode, assum­ing that every white pow­der is anthrax unless oth­er­wise proven. These hoaxes and false alarms are going to con­tinue — bet­ter fig­ure out a sane way to face that fact.
Jason Sigger, cross­posted at Armchair Generalist

Paint-​​On Antennas Take Off

Wednesday, September 27th, 2006

The mil­i­tary would like to use blimps as eyes — and cell tow­ers — in the sky. But, for the plan to really work, the anten­nas attached to those air­ships have to be light, flex­i­ble, and fit per­fectly on the blimp’s hull. And so far, build­ing those anten­nas has been hard to do.
CyberAerospacePhotos781.jpgA crew of Air Force-​​funded com­pa­nies has a new approach: paint-​​on anten­nas that can be slopped right on the side of an air­ship. The goop is “a com­bi­na­tion of polymer-​​based dielectrics and highly con­duc­tive paint,” Aviation Week says. And dur­ing a recent flight test, a spher­i­cal blimp with “paint-​​on elec­tro­mag­netic anten­nas com­mu­ni­cated voice and data to an Iridium Global satel­lite.“
The key, appar­ently, is a prod­uct called Unishield, a coat­ing which “cre­ates an elec­tri­cal field that can be specif­i­cally tuned to absorb or reflect radar fre­quen­cies.” Which means that the stuff can not only be used to make paint-​​on anten­nas — but can cre­ate mag­netic fields to make planes more stealthy, too.

Rapid Fire 09/​27/​06

Wednesday, September 27th, 2006

* No NSA spy bill, for now
* Marines try­ing out new body armor
* Road tests for hydro­gen cars
* AWOL schmuck gives up
* “What the FBI needs now
* Shocker! Iraq fuel­ing ter­ror
* Aging soft­ware: sleuth’s friend?
* New bird for GPS
* Judge: come clean on bor­der cyber attack
* Firefighting plane soars, finally
* Your very own fem­bot
* Schwag, beau­ti­ful schwag

The ‘Bravest Guy in al-​​Anbar Province’

Tuesday, September 26th, 2006

I don’t usu­ally post these sorts of things. But there’s an e-​​mail mak­ing the rounds, from a marine in Fallujah, that’s too good not to share. From bank-​​robbing insur­gents to Oprah-​​watching locals to the “Bravest Guy in al-​​Anbar Province,” this marine has vid­vidly, suc­cinctly cap­tured life dur­ing wartime — and made it all funny, to boot. Go read, now.
(Big ups: GH)

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Army’s Funds Drying Up

Tuesday, September 26th, 2006

For nearly forty years, Fred Kaplan notes, “the Army, Air Force, and Navy… have abided by an infor­mal agree­ment that gives each of them a roughly equal share of the total mil­i­tary bud­get… In this way, the chiefs have avoided the inter­ser­vice rival­ries that tore the mil­i­tary estab­lish­ments apart through­out the 1940s and ‘50s.“
But that was before the war in Iraq pushed a slimmed-​​down Army to the brink, with gear wear­ing out fast, and units who can’t prop­erly prep for com­bat. “The Army is clearly in need of a higher share of the bud­get now. It is the ser­vice that’s dom­i­nat­ing the fight­ing, los­ing most of its troops, and get­ting most of its equip­ment chewed up,” Kaplan adds.
Broke.jpg

There are ways to treat the Army’s ail­ments with­out open­ing the purse strings. [It could stop stuff­ing R&D projects into its Iraq war bud­get. — ed] For instance, [Army chief of staff Gen. Peter] Schoomaker could can­cel or post­pone the Army’s Future Combat Systems, a $200 bil­lion con­fab­u­la­tion that may be way overde­signed for any real­is­tic sce­nario of future com­bat. But the FCS is the Army’s only big-​​ticket weapon sys­tem, and the pro­cure­ment com­man­ders wouldn’t sur­ren­der it unless the Air Force and Navy chiefs junked their big fighter planes and sub­marines, which isn’t about to hap­pen, either.
Early on in his regime, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld might have had the clout to force such a bar­gain, but no longer. He has already abdi­cated his author­ity, allow­ing Schoomaker to appeal directly for more money to the White House’s Office of Management and Budget. (According to
Army Times, this is another unprece­dented move: No ser­vice sec­re­tary has ever dealt directly with the OMB all such appeals are sup­posed to be made through the sec­re­tary of defense.)
This bureau­cratic tur­bu­lence only reflects a broader dilemma that higher polit­i­cal author­i­ties will soon have to address, whether they’d like to or not. Schoomaker’s cen­tral com­plaint is that he doesn’t have the money to main­tain the Army’s global mis­sions. The pres­i­dent and the Congress can pony up the money (a lot more money) or scale back the mis­sions. To do oth­er­wise to stay the course with inad­e­quate resources is to invite defeats and disasters.

UPDATE 11:44 AM: One more quick point on this. Traditionally, the Army has been thought of as the low-​​tech, low-​​cost ser­vice. That’s no longer so. Back in the day, you could send an infantry­man into bat­tle with just a rifle and a hel­met. Now, he takes all kind of gear — body armor, night vision gog­gles, you name it. Equipment costs, per man, have gone from some­thing like $2,000 a sol­dier dur­ing Vietnam to around $25,000 today. It’s another rea­son why dol­ing out the Army’s tra­di­tional slice of the bud­get pie ain’t gonna work this time around.